Aromatherapy References

• Molecular basis of the anti-inflammatory effects of terpenoids.
• Terpenes: Chemistry, Biological Role, and Therapeutic Applications
• Terpenes: substances useful in human healthcare.
• Structure–activity relationship of terpenes with anti-inflammatory profile – a systematic review.

1,8-Cineole

• Terpene Profile: Eucalyptol

α-amyrin

α-Pinene

• Antioxidative, anticancer and genotoxic properties of α-pinene on N2a neuroblastoma cells

α-Terpineol

• Anethole
  • Cardiovascular effects of the essential oil of Croton zehntnerileaves and its main constituents, anethole and estragole, in normotensive conscious rats
  • Anxiolytic-Like Effect of Illicium verum Fruit Oil, trans-Anethole and Related Compounds in Mice

Anti-microbial general

• Antimicrobial combined action of terpenes against the food‐borne microorganisms Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus

Antitumor Monoterpenes

• Antitumor Activity of Monoterpenes Found in Essential Oils

Beta-Caryophyllene

• Beta caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide, isolated from Aegle marmelos, as the potent anti-inflammatory agents against lymphoma and neuroblastoma cells.
• β-Caryophyllene, a CB2 receptor agonist produces multiple behavioral changes relevant to anxiety and depression in mice.
  
• Functionalization of β-caryophyllene generates novel polypharmacology in the endocannabinoid system.
• The cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist, β-caryophyllene, reduced voluntary alcohol intake and attenuated ethanol-induced place preference and sensitivity in mice.
• The cannabinoid CB₂ receptor-selective phytocannabinoid beta-caryophyllene exerts analgesic effects in mouse models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain.
• The antioxidant effect of β-caryophyllene protects rat liver from carbon tetrachloride-induced fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation.
• β-Caryophyllene oxide potentiates TNFα-induced apoptosis and inhibits invasion through down-modulation of NF-κB-regulated gene products.
• β-Caryophyllene inhibits dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice through CB2 receptor activation and PPARγ pathway.

Betulinic acid, α-amyrin acetate, lupeol acetate, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid

• Naturally occurring and synthetic agents as potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulators.
• Bisabolol Terpenes: Confidence Analytics
• Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of (-)-α-bisabolol in rodents.

Borneol

• Anticonflict effects of lavender oil and identification of its active constituents.
• Controlled release of borneol from nano-fibrous poly(L-lactic acid)/ cellulose acetate butyrate membrane

Cadina-3, 5-diene

• Manuka Oil Conquers Deadly MRSA Bacteria

Cadinene

Camphene

• Use of essential oils to reduce benzodiazepine requirements during medical procedures

Camphor

• Health Benefits of Camphor Essential Oil

Cardamom

• Identification of proapoptopic, anti-inflammatory, anti- proliferative, anti-invasive and anti-angiogenic targets of essential oils in cardamom by dual reverse virtual screening and binding pose analysis.

Carvacrol

• DNA-protective effects of two components of essential plant oils carvacrol and thymol on mammalian cells cultured in vitro.
• Anxiolytic-like effect of Carvacrol (5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol) in mice: involvement with GABAergic transmission.

Carvacrol and Thymol

• Study of cytotoxic, genotoxic and DNA-protective effects of selected plant essential oils on human cells cultured in vitro.

Carvone

• Anxiolytic effects of repeated treatment with an essential oil from Lippia alba and (R)-(-)-carvone in the elevated T-maze.
• Chemical composition and anxiolytic evaluation of Achillea Wilhelmsii C. Koch essential oil in rat.

Caryophyllene

• The anxiolytic-like effect of an essential oil derived from Spiranthera odoratissima A. St. Hil. leaves and its major component, β-caryophyllene, in male mice.

Cinnamaldehyde

• Toxicity of selected plant volatiles in microbial and mammalian short-term assays.

Citronellol

• Health Benefits of Citronella Essential Oil

Curcuma

Curcumene

• Pharmacological activities of Curcuma caesia

Cymene

• Anxiolytic effect and tissue distribution of inhaled Alpinia zerumbet essential oil in mice.
• O. gratissimum appeared to have potent sedative and anxiolytic-like activities in mice without producing motor impairments.

D-Limonene

• D-Limonene: Help for Digestion, Metabolism, Detoxification, Anxiety & Breast Cancer Prevention

Estragole

• The mechanism of voltage-gated sodium channel blockade by estragole in dorsal root ganglia neurons of rats

Farnesene

• Rosemary And Lavender Essential Oils Proven To Boost Mood And Memory

Farnesol and geraniol

• Inhibition of pancreatic cancer growth by the dietary isoprenoids farnesol and geraniol.

Geraniol

• Geranium Oil: Aromatherapy from the “Poor Man’s Rose”

Ginkgo

• Ginkgo terpene component has an anti-inflammatory effect onCandida albicans-caused arthritic inflammation

Isopinocamphone

Leptospermone

• Health Benefits of Manuka Essential Oil

Limonene and Perillyl alcohol

• Antitumorigenic effects of limonene and perillyl alcohol against pancreatic and breast cancer.

Limonene

Linalool

• Intraplantar injection of bergamot essential oil induces peripheral antinociception mediated by opioid mechanism.
• Investigation of the Anxiolytic Effects of Linalool, a Lavender Extract, in the Male Sprague-Dawley Rat
• Effects of inhaled Linalool in anxiety, social interaction and aggressive behavior in mice.

Linalool and luteolin

• Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan.

Linalyl Acetate

• Antitumor Activity of Monoterpenes Found in Essential Oils

Perilla aldehyde and limonene

• Composition, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Dracocephalum surmandinum from Iran.

Phytoncide

• Effect of phytoncide from trees on human natural killer cell function.

Taxol

• Taxadiene synthase structure and evolution of modular architecture in terpene biosynthesis

Terpinen-4-ol

• Monoterpenoid Terpinen-4-ol Exhibits Anticonvulsant Activity in Behavioural and Electrophysiological Studies

Terpinene

• Cytotoxic effect of leaf essential oil of Lippia gracilis Schauer (Verbenaceae).

Trans-Caryophyllene

• Trans-caryophyllene suppresses hypoxia-induced neuroinflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB activation in microglia.

Triterpenoids

Essential oils general background

• The Top 16 Essential Oils to Relieve Pain and Inflammation
• Exploring Aromatherapy
• Reduction of surface contamination and biofilms of Enterococcus sp. and Staphylococcus aureus using a citrus-based vapour.
• Forest Bathing
• Effect of forest bathing trips on human immune function
• The physiological effects of Shinrin-yoku (taking in the forest atmosphere or forest bathing): evidence from field experiments in 24 forests across Japan
• Trends in research related to “Shinrin-yoku” (taking in the forest atmosphere or forest bathing) in Japan
• Exploitation of Cytotoxicity of Some Essential Oils for Translation in Cancer Therapy
• Therapeutic effects of herbal extracts and constituents in animal models of psychiatric disorders.
• Forest bathing enhances human natural killer activity and expression of anti-cancer proteins.
• Analgesic-like activity of essential oils constituents.
• Take Two Hours of Pine Forest and Call Me in the Morning
• Synergism in the essential oil world
• More green space is linked to less stress in deprived communities: Evidence from salivary cortisol patterns

Anti-Neoplastic