Terpenes

Terpene General Background

• Essential oils for pain and inflammation
• Molecular basis of the anti-inflammatory effects of terpenoids.
• Terpenes: Chemistry, Biological Role, and Therapeutic Applications
• Terpenes: substances useful in human healthcare.
• Structure–activity relationship of terpenes with anti-inflammatory profile – a systematic review.
• Herbal Extracts and Phytochemicals: Plant Secondary Metabolites and the Enhancement of Human Brain Function
• Terpenoids as potential chemopreventive and therapeutic agents in liver cancer

1,8-Cineole

• About Eucalyptus globulus and 1,8 cineole
• Essential Oil Chemistry: Oils High in 1,8 cineole
• Terpene Profile: Eucalyptol

α-amyrin

• Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry

α-Pinene

• Antioxidative, anticancer and genotoxic properties of α-pinene on N2a neuroblastoma cells

α-Terpineol

• Anethole
  • Cardiovascular effects of the essential oil of Croton zehntnerileaves and its main constituents, anethole and estragole, in normotensive conscious rats
  • Anxiolytic-Like Effect of Illicium verum Fruit Oil, trans-Anethole and Related Compounds in Mice

Anti-microbial general

• Antimicrobial combined action of terpenes against the food‐borne microorganisms Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus

Antitumor Monoterpenes

• Antitumor Activity of Monoterpenes Found in Essential Oils

Beta-Caryophyllene

• Beta caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide, isolated from Aegle marmelos, as the potent anti-inflammatory agents against lymphoma and neuroblastoma cells.
• β-Caryophyllene, a CB2 receptor agonist produces multiple behavioral changes relevant to anxiety and depression in mice.
  
• Functionalization of β-caryophyllene generates novel polypharmacology in the endocannabinoid system.
• The cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist, β-caryophyllene, reduced voluntary alcohol intake and attenuated ethanol-induced place preference and sensitivity in mice.
• The cannabinoid CB₂ receptor-selective phytocannabinoid beta-caryophyllene exerts analgesic effects in mouse models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain.
• The antioxidant effect of β-caryophyllene protects rat liver from carbon tetrachloride-induced fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation.
• β-Caryophyllene oxide potentiates TNFα-induced apoptosis and inhibits invasion through down-modulation of NF-κB-regulated gene products.
• β-Caryophyllene inhibits dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice through CB2 receptor activation and PPARγ pathway.

Betulinic acid, α-amyrin acetate, lupeol acetate, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid

• Naturally occurring and synthetic agents as potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulators.
• Bisabolol Terpenes: Confidence Analytics
• Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of (-)-α-bisabolol in rodents.

Borneol

• Anticonflict effects of lavender oil and identification of its active constituents.
• Controlled release of borneol from nano-fibrous poly(L-lactic acid)/ cellulose acetate butyrate membrane

Cadina-3, 5-diene

• Manuka Oil Conquers Deadly MRSA Bacteria

Cadinene

• Health Benefits of Melissa Essential Oil

Camphene

• Use of essential oils to reduce benzodiazepine requirements during medical procedures

Camphor

• Health Benefits of Camphor Essential Oil

Cardamom

• Identification of proapoptopic, anti-inflammatory, anti- proliferative, anti-invasive and anti-angiogenic targets of essential oils in cardamom by dual reverse virtual screening and binding pose analysis.

Carvacrol

• DNA-protective effects of two components of essential plant oils carvacrol and thymol on mammalian cells cultured in vitro.
• Anxiolytic-like effect of Carvacrol (5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol) in mice: involvement with GABAergic transmission.

Carvacrol and Thymol

• Study of cytotoxic, genotoxic and DNA-protective effects of selected plant essential oils on human cells cultured in vitro.

Carvone

• Anxiolytic effects of repeated treatment with an essential oil from Lippia alba and (R)-(-)-carvone in the elevated T-maze.
• Chemical composition and anxiolytic evaluation of Achillea Wilhelmsii C. Koch essential oil in rat.

Caryophyllene

• The anxiolytic-like effect of an essential oil derived from Spiranthera odoratissima A. St. Hil. leaves and its major component, β-caryophyllene, in male mice.

Cinnamaldehyde

• Toxicity of selected plant volatiles in microbial and mammalian short-term assays.

Citronellol

• Health Benefits of Citronella Essential Oil

Curcuma

• Three non-phenolic diarylheptanoids with anti-inflammatory activity from Curcuma xanthorrhiza.

Curcumene

• Pharmacological activities of Curcuma caesia
• MEDICINAL VALUE OF CURCUMA CASSIA ROXB: AN OVERVIEW

Cymene

• Anxiolytic effect and tissue distribution of inhaled Alpinia zerumbet essential oil in mice.
• O. gratissimum appeared to have potent sedative and anxiolytic-like activities in mice without producing motor impairments.

D-Limonene

• D-Limonene: Help for Digestion, Metabolism, Detoxification, Anxiety & Breast Cancer Prevention

Estragole

• The mechanism of voltage-gated sodium channel blockade by estragole in dorsal root ganglia neurons of rats

Farnesene

• Rosemary And Lavender Essential Oils Proven To Boost Mood And Memory

Farnesol and geraniol

• Inhibition of pancreatic cancer growth by the dietary isoprenoids farnesol and geraniol.

Geraniol

• Geranium Oil: Aromatherapy from the “Poor Man’s Rose”

Ginkgo

• Ginkgo terpene component has an anti-inflammatory effect onCandida albicans-caused arthritic inflammation

Isopinocamphone

• Health Benefits of Tansy Essential Oil

Leptospermone

• Health Benefits of Manuka Essential Oil

Limonene and Perillyl alcohol

• Antitumorigenic effects of limonene and perillyl alcohol against pancreatic and breast cancer.

Limonene

• D-Limonene – Effective for Lowering Cholesterol Naturally and Much More

Linalool

• Intraplantar injection of bergamot essential oil induces peripheral antinociception mediated by opioid mechanism.
• Investigation of the Anxiolytic Effects of Linalool, a Lavender Extract, in the Male Sprague-Dawley Rat
• Effects of inhaled Linalool in anxiety, social interaction and aggressive behavior in mice.

Linalool and luteolin

• Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan.

Linalyl Acetate

• Antitumor Activity of Monoterpenes Found in Essential Oils
• Lavender Oil for Anxiety and Depression

Perilla aldehyde and limonene

• Composition, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Dracocephalum surmandinum from Iran.

Phytoncide

• Effect of phytoncide from trees on human natural killer cell function.

Taxol

• Taxadiene synthase structure and evolution of modular architecture in terpene biosynthesis

Terpinen-4-ol

• Monoterpenoid Terpinen-4-ol Exhibits Anticonvulsant Activity in Behavioural and Electrophysiological Studies

Terpinene

• Cytotoxic effect of leaf essential oil of Lippia gracilis Schauer (Verbenaceae).

Trans-Caryophyllene

• Trans-caryophyllene suppresses hypoxia-induced neuroinflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB activation in microglia.

Triterpenoids

• Phytochemicals: 12 health Benefits of Triterpenoids

 

Essential Oils

Essential oils general background

• Essential oils for pain and inflammation
• The Top 16 Essential Oils to Relieve Pain and Inflammation
  
• Exploring Aromatherapy
• Reduction of surface contamination and biofilms of Enterococcus sp. and Staphylococcus aureus using a citrus-based vapour.
• The chemistry of essential oils, and their chemical components.
• Health and Wellness Benefits of Spending Time in Nature
• Forest Bathing
• Effect of forest bathing trips on human immune function
• The physiological effects of Shinrin-yoku (taking in the forest atmosphere or forest bathing): evidence from field experiments in 24 forests across Japan
• Trends in research related to “Shinrin-yoku” (taking in the forest atmosphere or forest bathing) in Japan
• Exploitation of Cytotoxicity of Some Essential Oils for Translation in Cancer Therapy
• Therapeutic effects of herbal extracts and constituents in animal models of psychiatric disorders.
• Forest bathing enhances human natural killer activity and expression of anti-cancer proteins.
• Analgesic-like activity of essential oils constituents.
• Take Two Hours of Pine Forest and Call Me in the Morning
• Synergism in the essential oil world
• More green space is linked to less stress in deprived communities: Evidence from salivary cortisol patterns

Anti-Neoplastic

• Effect of phytoncide from trees on human natural killer cell function.

A. fastigiatum

• Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of essential oil from Ageratum fastigiatum

Bergamot

• Acute effects of bergamot oil on anxiety-related behaviour and corticosterone level in rats

C. arabica

Chamomile

• Do Any Essential Oils Help Inflammation?
  

Cistus

• Genus Cistus: a model for exploring labdane-type diterpenes’ biosynthesis and a natural source of high value products with biological, aromatic, and pharmacological properties

Eucalyptus

• Medicinal uses of eucalyptus oil
• Stimulatory effect of Eucalyptus essential oil on innate cell-mediated immune response
• Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils of Eucalyptus.

Jasmine

• Stimulating effect of aromatherapy massage with jasmine oil.

Lamiaceae

• Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the leaf extracts and essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill.
• Evolution of secondary metabolites from an ecological and molecular phylogenetic perspective.

Lavender

• Lavender Oil: A Love for Lavender Oil
• Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and apoptotic activities of four plant species used in folk medicine in the Mediterranean basin.
• Lavender Oil-Potent Anxiolytic Properties via Modulating Voltage Dependent Calcium Channels

Melissa officinalis (lemon)

• Herbal Extracts and Phytochemicals: Plant Secondary Metabolites and the Enhancement of Human Brain Function
• Modulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm).
• [Chemical composition of the essential oil from melissa].

Misc.

• Synergy and other interactions in phytomedicines
• Hypolipemic and hypoglycaemic activity of bergamot polyphenols: From animal models to human studies

Orange

• Effect of sweet orange aroma on experimental anxiety in humans.
• Can bitter orange help you lose weight?
• Antimicrobial activity of orange oil on selected pathogens

Patchouli

• Health Benefits of Patchouli Essential Oil

Pepper

• Inhalation of vapor from black pepper extract reduces smoking withdrawal symptoms.

Sage

• The psychopharmacology of European herbs with cognition-enhancing properties.
• Monoterpenoid extract of sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia) with cholinesterase inhibiting properties improves cognitive performance and mood in healthy adults

Teucrium

• A possible anti-inflammatory mechanism of ethyl acetate extracts of Teucrium stocksianum Bioss

Vanilla

• Health Benefits of Vanilla Essential Oil

 

Disclaimer: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. No conclusions should be drawn between the effects of individual components of MONQ, and the effects of MONQ itself.  No studies have been undertaken on the effects listed on this website as related specifically to MONQ.